题目描述
(通过次数12,105 | 提交次数14,259,通过率84.89%)
院系表: Departments +---------------+---------+ | Column Name | Type | +---------------+---------+ | id | int | | name | varchar | +---------------+---------+ id 是该表的主键 该表包含一所大学每个院系的 id 信息 学生表: Students +---------------+---------+ | Column Name | Type | +---------------+---------+ | id | int | | name | varchar | | department_id | int | +---------------+---------+ id 是该表的主键 该表包含一所大学每个学生的 id 和他/她就读的院系信息 写一条 SQL 语句以查询那些所在院系不存在的学生的 id 和姓名 可以以 任何顺序 返回结果。 下面是返回结果格式的例子。 示例 1: 输入: Departments 表: +------+--------------------------+ | id | name | +------+--------------------------+ | 1 | Electrical Engineering | | 7 | Computer Engineering | | 13 | Bussiness Administration | +------+--------------------------+ Students 表: +------+----------+---------------+ | id | name | department_id | +------+----------+---------------+ | 23 | Alice | 1 | | 1 | Bob | 7 | | 5 | Jennifer | 13 | | 2 | John | 14 | | 4 | Jasmine | 77 | | 3 | Steve | 74 | | 6 | Luis | 1 | | 8 | Jonathan | 7 | | 7 | Daiana | 33 | | 11 | Madelynn | 1 | +------+----------+---------------+ 输出: +------+----------+ | id | name | +------+----------+ | 2 | John | | 7 | Daiana | | 4 | Jasmine | | 3 | Steve | +------+----------+ 解释: John, Daiana, Steve 和 Jasmine 所在的院系分别是 14, 33, 74 和 77, 其中 14, 33, 74 和 77 并不存在于院系表 来源:力扣(LeetCode) 链接:https://leetcode.cn/problems/students-with-invalid-departments
//测试数据 Create table If Not Exists Departments (id int, name varchar(30)); Create table If Not Exists Students (id int, name varchar(30), department_id int); insert into Departments (id, name) values ('1', 'Electrical Engineering'); insert into Departments (id, name) values ('7', 'Computer Engineering'); insert into Departments (id, name) values ('13', 'Bussiness Administration'); insert into Students (id, name, department_id) values ('23', 'Alice', '1'); insert into Students (id, name, department_id) values ('1', 'Bob', '7'); insert into Students (id, name, department_id) values ('5', 'Jennifer', '13'); insert into Students (id, name, department_id) values ('2', 'John', '14'); insert into Students (id, name, department_id) values ('4', 'Jasmine', '77'); insert into Students (id, name, department_id) values ('3', 'Steve', '74'); insert into Students (id, name, department_id) values ('6', 'Luis', '1'); insert into Students (id, name, department_id) values ('8', 'Jonathan', '7'); insert into Students (id, name, department_id) values ('7', 'Daiana', '33'); insert into Students (id, name, department_id) values ('11', 'Madelynn', '1');
解题思路
Departments表保存了所有的部门信息。
Students表保存了所有的学生信息,包括学生所在的院系。
题目要求:查询所在的院系不存在的学生。
院系不存在的意思是说,Students表中的department_id不存在于Departments表中。
对于查询“不存在”场景的写法有多种。最常见的就是使用IN/NOT IN、EXISTS/NOT EXISTS子句。
当然,鉴于左关联的特性,当左表与右表关联不上时,右表的值为NULL,也可以用来查询“不存在”的场景。
参考SQL
未特别说明的情况下,参考SQL为基于MySQL8.0实现。
--方法一: select a.id, a.name from Students a where not exists( select 1 from Departments b where a.department_id = b.id ); --方法二: select a.id, a.name from Students a left join Departments b on a.department_id = b.id where b.id is null;
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